The history of global oil production
The commercial extraction of oil began in the 19th century in the US and Russia, initially for kerosene production. The introduction of the internal combustion engine increased oil demand. The Spindletop discovery in 1901 accelerated US oil production. OPEC’s formation in 1960 and market conditions led to price volatility, with consumption rising steadily in the 2000s.
The history of global natural gas production
Natural gas, once a byproduct, now comprises a quarter of global energy. Advancements in infrastructure and technology, along with increasing demand, have propelled its rise. However, its contributions to greenhouse gases and geopolitical tensions present challenges for sustainability and climate change goals.
The history of global coal production
The use of coal has a long history, from its early adoption in Ancient China to the pivotal role it played in the Industrial Revolution and global energy systems. While some countries are moving away from coal due to environmental concerns, it remains a significant part of the energy landscape.
The S&P 500 Carbon Efficient Index
Stock market indices reflect market performance and health. Carbon indices, like the S&P 500 Carbon Efficient Index (CEI), weigh companies based on carbon emissions per revenue unit, aiming for lower carbon exposure without altering industry allocations. Over 5 years, the CEI boasted a robust 13% return, outperforming many major indices.
What is the relationship between energy use and income inequality?
The Gini coefficient assesses income inequality globally, with values ranging from 0 to 1. The impact of energy use per capita on inequality diminishes after reaching 30 GJ. In Europe, there is a pattern of high energy use and low inequality. However, as countries develop, increased energy use doesn’t consistently translate to reduced income inequality.
What is the status of women in the global hydropower sector?
Hydropower, the world’s largest source of renewable, low-carbon electricity, faces a significant gender gap. Women hold only a quarter of jobs globally, mainly in non-technical roles. Factors hindering women include a lack of STEM skills, limited awareness, inadequate female role models, and managerial bias. Improved family-friendly policies and female inclusion in policymaking are required for industry advancement.
What is the relationship between energy use and social progress?
The Social Progress Index (SPI) measures a nation’s overall well-being beyond GDP, with 12 components and 60 indicators. Nations in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East have lower SPI rankings, while Canada, North European countries, Japan, and Australia consistently score high. Energy use affects SPI, but higher consumption doesn’t always lead to greater social progress.