Shared prosperity measures economic growth inclusiveness, focusing on the income growth of the poorest compared to the overall population. It reduces poverty and inequality and is relevant even in high-income countries. Energy use can impact shared prosperity, but other factors like social safety nets and education also play a crucial role.
The United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include SDG7, which aims to ensure affordable and sustainable energy for all. The share of global population with access to electricity has increased to 90% in 2022, yet around 800 million people are still without access, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Various factors influence access to electricity, impacting income and well-being.
The United Nations established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to address poverty, health, education, inequality, economic growth, climate change, and environmental conservation. SDG 7 focuses on providing affordable, sustainable, and clean energy for all. The World Health Organization sets benchmarks for “clean” cooking, favoring efficient and low-emission technologies while discouraging the use of polluting fuels.
The transition to clean energy brings life-changing benefits like clean cooking services. Clean cooking uses gaseous fuels and electricity, reducing harmful emissions. However, 2.3 billion people still use polluting fuels, leading to millions of deaths annually. Access to clean cooking varies by country income and location. While global access has increased, challenges remain in many countries.
Approximately 2.3 billion people globally lack access to clean cooking, posing health risks, especially for women and children in low- and middle-income countries. Gender mainstreaming is crucial for achieving universal clean energy access. However, integration into energy projects in informal urban areas remains fragmented, necessitating better support and capacity building.
The Gini coefficient assesses income inequality globally, with values ranging from 0 to 1. The impact of energy use per capita on inequality diminishes after reaching 30 GJ. In Europe, there is a pattern of high energy use and low inequality. However, as countries develop, increased energy use doesn’t consistently translate to reduced income inequality.
Gender equity is vital for economic stability. In the U.S. energy industry, women hold 27% of jobs, despite recent growth. Challenges persist globally in solar, wind, and hydropower industries, emphasizing the need for ongoing efforts to address gender disparities.
Hydropower, the world’s largest source of renewable, low-carbon electricity, faces a significant gender gap. Women hold only a quarter of jobs globally, mainly in non-technical roles. Factors hindering women include a lack of STEM skills, limited awareness, inadequate female role models, and managerial bias. Improved family-friendly policies and female inclusion in policymaking are required for industry advancement.
The Social Progress Index (SPI) measures a nation’s overall well-being beyond GDP, with 12 components and 60 indicators. Nations in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East have lower SPI rankings, while Canada, North European countries, Japan, and Australia consistently score high. Energy use affects SPI, but higher consumption doesn’t always lead to greater social progress.
Climate justice recognizes the responsibility of the wealthy for climate change, which disproportionately impacts the vulnerable. Urban climate action plans are increasingly addressing justice, but some cities still lack such plans. Larger cities tend to prioritize justice more, and sectors like energy efficiency and clean energy receive greater attention. More efforts are needed to achieve just and inclusive urban climate transitions.